# Overview > For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.redpanda.com/llms.txt). Component-specific: [cloud-data-platform-full.txt](https://docs.redpanda.com/cloud-data-platform-full.txt) --- title: Overview latest-operator-version: v26.1.4 latest-console-tag: v3.7.3 latest-connect-version: 4.93.0 latest-redpanda-tag: v26.1.9 docname: sql/sql-functions/math-functions/index page-component-name: cloud-data-platform page-version: master page-component-version: master page-component-title: Cloud page-relative-src-path: sql/sql-functions/math-functions/index.adoc page-edit-url: https://github.com/redpanda-data/cloud-docs/edit/main/modules/reference/pages/sql/sql-functions/math-functions/index.adoc description: Mathematical, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions in Redpanda SQL are designed to perform mathematical calculations and manipulate numeric values. page-topic-type: reference page-git-created-date: "2026-05-26" page-git-modified-date: "2026-05-26" --- Mathematical, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions in Redpanda SQL are designed to perform mathematical calculations and manipulate numeric values. ## [](#mathematical-functions)Mathematical functions | Function | Description | | --- | --- | | abs() | This function returns the absolute value of an argument, regardless of whether it is positive or negative | | cbrt() | This function returns the cube root of a given number | | ceil() | This function rounds up to the nearest positive or negative integer value greater than or equal to the argument | | exp() | This function returns the exponential value of a number specified in the argument | | floor() | This function returns a number rounded down that is less than or equal to the specified argument | | GREATEST | This function extracts the greatest or largest value from a set of values. | | LEAST | This function returns the least or smallest value in a list of values | | ln() | This function returns the natural logarithm (base e) of its argument | | log() | This function returns the base-10 logarithm or logarithm of the specified base of a given number | | power() | This function returns the value of a number raised to the power of another number specified in the arguments | | random() | This function returns a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive) | | round() | This function rounds numbers to the nearest integer or to a specified number of decimal places | | sign() | This function returns -1 for negative arguments, 1 for positive arguments or 0 if the argument is 0 | | sqrt() | This function returns the square root of its argument | | to_char() from Number | Formats a number into a string using a given format | ## [](#trigonometric-functions)Trigonometric functions These trigonometric functions take arguments and return values of type `double precision` and `real`. | Function | Description | Syntax | Example | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | acos | Calculates the inverse cosine of a given argument, where the output is expressed in radians. | acos(argument) | select acos(1); Returns: 0 | | acosd | Calculates the inverse cosine of a given argument, where the output is expressed in degrees. | acosd(argument) | select acosd(0.5); Returns: 60 | | asin | Calculates the inverse sine of a given argument, where the output is expressed in radians. | asin(argument) | select asin(1); Returns: 1.5707963267948966 | | asind | Calculates the inverse sine of a given argument, where the output is expressed in degrees. | asind(argument) | select asind(0.5); Returns: 30 | | atan | Calculates the inverse tangent of a given argument, where the output is expressed in radians. | atan(argument) | select atan(1); Returns: 0.7853965 | | atand | Calculates the inverse tangent of a given argument, where the output is expressed in degrees. | atand(argument) | select atand(1); Returns: 44.99990469434657 | | atan2 | Calculates the inverse tangent of y/x, where the output is expressed in radians. | atan2(y_value, x_value) y_value and x_value are in double precision type. | select atan2(1, 0); Returns: 1.5707963267948966 | | atan2d | Calculates the inverse tangent of y/x, where the output is expressed in degrees. | atan2d(y_value, x_value) y_value and x_value are in double precision type. | select atan2d(1, 0); Returns: 90 | | cos | Calculates the cosine of a given argument, where the argument is in radians. | cos(argument) | select cos(0); Returns: 1 | | cosd | Calculates the cosine of a given argument, where the argument is in degrees. | cosd(argument) | select cosd(60); Returns: 0.5000000000000001 | | cot | Calculates the cotangent of a given argument, where the argument is in radians. | cot(argument) | select cot(0.5); Returns: 1.8304877 | | cotd | Calculates the cotangent of a given argument, where the argument is in degrees. | cotd(argument) | select cotd(45); Returns: 1.0000000000000002 | | sin | Calculates the sine of a given argument, where the argument is in radians. | sin(argument) | select sin(1); Returns: 0.8414709848078965 | | sind | Calculates the sine of a given argument, where the argument is in degrees. | sind(argument) | select sind(30); Returns: 0.49999999999999994 | | tan | Calculates the tangent of a given argument, where the argument is in radians. | tan(argument) | select tan(1); Returns: 1.5574077246549023 | | tand | Calculates the tangent of a given argument, where the argument is in degrees. | tand(argument) | select tand(45); Returns: 0.9999999999999999 | ## [](#hyperbolic-functions)Hyperbolic functions | Function | Description | Syntax | Example | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | cosh | Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a given argument. | cosh(argument) | select cosh(1); Returns: 1.5430806348152437 | | sinh | Calculates the hyperbolic sine of a given argument. | sinh(argument) | select sinh(1); Returns: 1.1752011936438014 |