Cloud

upper

The upper() function returns a given string, an expression, or values in a column in all uppercase letters:

UPPER(string)

It accepts input as a string and returns text in uppercase letters.

Special Case:

  • If characters in the input are not of type string, they remain unaffected by the upper() function.

  • Unicode is supported for the upper() function.

Examples

Basic upper() function

This basic query converts the given string to all uppercase letters:

SELECT UPPER('PostGreSQL');

The query returns:

+-------------+
| upper       |
+-------------+
| POSTGRESQL  |
+-------------+

upper() function using columns and concat() function

This example shows how the upper() function works with columns. A table named personal_details contains employee’s id, first_name, last_name, and gender of a retail store:

CREATE TABLE personal_details (
  id int,
  first_name text,
  last_name text,
  gender text
);
INSERT INTO personal_details
    (id, first_name, last_name, gender)
VALUES
    (1,'Mark','Wheeler','M'),
    (2,'Tom','Hanks','M'),
    (3,'Jane','Hopper','F'),
    (4,'Emily','Byers','F'),
    (5,'Lucas','Sinclair','M');
SELECT * FROM personal_details;

The query returns:

+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| id  | first_name  | last_name   | gender   |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+
| 1   | Mark        | Wheeler     | M        |
| 2   | Tom         | Hanks       | M        |
| 3   | Jane        | Hopper      | F        |
| 4   | Emily       | Byers       | F        |
| 5   | Lucas       | Sinclair    | M        |
+-----+-------------+-------------+----------+

Assume that:

  1. The goal is to convert employees' first and last names with id numbers 1, 3, and 5 to all uppercase letters.

  2. Then, combine them using the concat() function into one full_name column in uppercase.

    Use this query:

    SELECT CONCAT (UPPER(first_name),' ', UPPER(last_name))
as full_name
FROM personal_details
where id in (1, 3, 5);

    The output displays the first and last names of employees with the specified ids in uppercase letters:

    +---------------------+
| full_name           |
+---------------------+
| MARK WHEELER        |
| JANE HOPPER         |
| LUCAS SINCLAIR      |
+---------------------+