Keywords
Redpanda SQL has reserved and non-reserved keywords. Reserved keywords cannot be used as identifiers (such as table or column names) unless explicitly quoted. Examples include SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE.
Non-reserved keywords have special meanings only in specific contexts and can be used as identifiers in others. For example, DB is non-reserved, so you can use it as a database name.
The following table lists all available keywords:
| Keyword | Reserved | Non-reserved | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
ABSOLUTE |
✓ |
||
ACTION |
✓ |
||
ADD |
✓ |
||
AFTER |
✓ |
||
AGGREGATE |
✓ |
||
ALL |
✓ |
||
ALLOCATE |
✓ |
||
ALTER |
✓ |
||
ANALYSE |
✓ |
||
ANALYZE |
✓ |
||
AND |
✓ |
||
ANY |
✓ |
||
ANY_VALUE |
✓ |
||
ARE |
✓ |
||
ARRAY |
✓ |
Requires AS |
|
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY |
✓ |
||
AS |
✓ |
Requires AS |
|
ASC |
✓ |
||
ASENSITIVE |
✓ |
||
ASSERTION |
✓ |
||
ASSIGNMENT |
✓ |
||
ASYMMETRIC |
✓ |
||
AT |
✓ |
||
ATOMIC |
✓ |
||
AUTHORIZATION |
✓ |
Can be function or type |
|
AVG |
✓ |
||
BEFORE |
✓ |
||
BEGIN |
✓ |
||
BEGIN_FRAME |
✓ |
||
BEGIN_PARTITION |
✓ |
||
BETWEEN |
✓ |
Cannot be function or type |
|
BIGINT |
✓ |
Cannot be function or type |
|
BIT |
✓ |
Cannot be function or type |
|
BIT_LENGTH |
✓ |
||
BLOB |
✓ |
||
BOOL |
✓ |
||
BOOLEAN |
✓ |
Cannot be function or type |
|
BOTH |
✓ |
||
BY |
✓ |
||
CACHE |
✓ |
||
CALL |
✓ |
||
CALLED |
✓ |
||
CARDINALITY |
✓ |
||
CASCADE |
✓ |
||
CASCADED |
✓ |
||
CASE |
✓ |
||
CAST |
✓ |
||
CATALOG |
✓ |
||
CEILING |
✓ |
||
CHAR |
✓ |
||
CHAR_LENGTH |
✓ |
||
CHARACTER |
✓ |
||
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
✓ |
||
CHECK |
✓ |
||
CLASSIFIER |
✓ |
||
CLOB |
✓ |
||
CLOSE |
✓ |
||
COALESCE |
✓ |
||
COLLATE |
✓ |
||
COLLATION |
✓ |
||
COLLECT |
✓ |
||
COLUMN |
✓ |
||
COLUMNS |
✓ |
||
COMMIT |
✓ |
||
CONDITION |
✓ |
||
CONNECT |
✓ |
||
CONNECTION |
✓ |
||
CONSTRAINT |
✓ |
||
CONSTRAINTS |
✓ |
||
CONTAINS |
✓ |
||
CONTINUE |
✓ |
||
CONTROL |
✓ |
||
CONVERT |
✓ |
||
COPY |
✓ |
||
CORR |
✓ |
||
CORRESPONDING |
✓ |
||
COVAR_POP |
✓ |
||
COVAR_SAMP |
✓ |
||
CREATE |
✓ |
||
CROSS |
✓ |
||
CUBE |
✓ |
||
CUME_DIST |
✓ |
||
CURRENT |
✓ |
||
CURRENT_USER |
✓ |
||
CURRENT_ROLE |
✓ |
||
CURSOR |
✓ |
||
CYCLE |
✓ |
||
DATABASE |
✓ |
||
DATABASES |
✓ |
||
DATALINK |
✓ |
||
DATE |
✓ |
||
DATETIME |
✓ |
||
DAY |
✓ |
||
DEALLOCATE |
✓ |
||
DEC |
✓ |
||
DECFLOAT |
✓ |
||
DECIMAL |
✓ |
||
DECLARE |
✓ |
||
DEFAULT |
✓ |
||
DEFERRABLE |
✓ |
||
DEFERRED |
✓ |
||
DEFINE |
✓ |
||
DELETE |
✓ |
||
DELTA |
✓ |
||
DENSE_RANK |
✓ |
||
DEREF |
✓ |
||
DESC |
✓ |
||
DESCRIBE |
✓ |
||
DESCRIPTOR |
✓ |
||
DETERMINISTIC |
✓ |
||
DIAGNOSTICS |
✓ |
||
DIRECT |
✓ |
||
DISCONNECT |
✓ |
||
DISTINCT |
✓ |
||
DLNEWCOPY |
✓ |
||
DLPREVIOUSCOPY |
✓ |
||
DLURLCOMPLETE |
✓ |
||
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY |
✓ |
||
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE |
✓ |
||
DLURLPATH |
✓ |
||
DLURLPATHONLY |
✓ |
||
DLURLPATHWRITE |
✓ |
||
DLURLSCHEME |
✓ |
||
DLURLSERVER |
✓ |
||
DLVALUE |
✓ |
||
DO |
✓ |
||
DOMAIN |
✓ |
||
DOUBLE |
✓ |
||
DROP |
✓ |
||
DYNAMIC |
✓ |
||
EACH |
✓ |
||
ELEMENT |
✓ |
||
ELSE |
✓ |
||
EMPTY |
✓ |
||
END |
✓ |
||
END_FRAME |
✓ |
||
END_PARTITION |
✓ |
||
EQUALS |
✓ |
||
ESCAPE |
✓ |
||
EVERY |
✓ |
||
EXCEPT |
✓ |
||
EXCEPTION |
✓ |
||
EXEC |
✓ |
||
EXECUTE |
✓ |
||
EXISTS |
✓ |
||
EXP |
✓ |
||
EXPLAIN |
✓ |
||
EXTERNAL |
✓ |
||
EXTRACT |
✓ |
||
FALSE |
✓ |
||
FETCH |
✓ |
||
FILE |
✓ |
||
FILTER |
✓ |
||
FIRST |
✓ |
||
FIRST_VALUE |
✓ |
||
FLOAT |
✓ |
||
FLOOR |
✓ |
||
FOR |
✓ |
||
FOREIGN |
✓ |
||
FORMAT |
✓ |
||
FOUND |
✓ |
||
FRAME_ROW |
✓ |
||
FREE |
✓ |
||
FROM |
✓ |
||
FULL |
✓ |
||
FUNCTION |
✓ |
||
FUSION |
✓ |
||
GET |
✓ |
||
GLOBAL |
✓ |
||
GO |
✓ |
||
GOTO |
✓ |
||
GRANT |
✓ |
||
GROUP |
✓ |
||
GROUPING |
✓ |
||
GROUPS |
✓ |
||
HASH |
✓ |
||
HAVING |
✓ |
||
HINT |
✓ |
||
HOLD |
✓ |
||
HOUR |
✓ |
||
IDENTITY |
✓ |
||
IF |
✓ |
||
ILIKE |
✓ |
||
IMMEDIATE |
✓ |
||
IMPORT |
✓ |
||
IN |
✓ |
||
INDEX |
✓ |
||
INDICATOR |
✓ |
||
INITIAL |
✓ |
||
INITIALLY |
✓ |
||
INNER |
✓ |
||
INOUT |
✓ |
||
INPUT |
✓ |
||
INSENSITIVE |
✓ |
||
INSERT |
✓ |
||
INT |
✓ |
||
INTEGER |
✓ |
||
INTERSECT |
✓ |
||
INTERSECTION |
✓ |
||
INTERVAL |
✓ |
||
INTO |
✓ |
||
IS |
✓ |
||
ISNULL |
✓ |
||
ISOLATION |
✓ |
||
JOIN |
✓ |
||
JSON |
✓ |
||
JSON_ARRAY |
✓ |
||
JSON_ARRAYAGG |
✓ |
||
JSON_EXISTS |
✓ |
||
JSON_OBJECT |
✓ |
||
JSON_OBJECTAGG |
✓ |
||
JSON_QUERY |
✓ |
||
JSON_TABLE |
✓ |
||
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE |
✓ |
||
JSON_VALUE |
✓ |
||
JSONB |
✓ |
||
KEY |
✓ |
||
LAG |
✓ |
||
LANGUAGE |
✓ |
||
LARGE |
✓ |
||
LAST |
✓ |
||
LAST_VALUE |
✓ |
||
LATERAL |
✓ |
||
LEAD |
✓ |
||
LEADING |
✓ |
||
LEFT |
✓ |
||
LEVEL |
✓ |
||
LIKE |
✓ |
||
LIKE_REGEX |
✓ |
||
LIMIT |
✓ |
||
LISTAGG |
✓ |
||
LN |
✓ |
||
LOAD |
✓ |
||
LOCAL |
✓ |
||
LOCALTIME |
✓ |
||
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
✓ |
||
LONG |
✓ |
||
MEASURES |
✓ |
||
MEMBER |
✓ |
||
MERGE |
✓ |
||
METHOD |
✓ |
||
MINUS |
✓ |
||
MINUTE |
✓ |
||
MODIFIES |
✓ |
||
MODULE |
✓ |
||
MONTH |
✓ |
||
MULTISET |
✓ |
||
NAMES |
✓ |
||
NATIONAL |
✓ |
||
NATURAL |
✓ |
||
NCHAR |
✓ |
||
NCLOB |
✓ |
||
NEW |
✓ |
||
NEXT |
✓ |
||
NO |
✓ |
||
NONE |
✓ |
||
NOT |
✓ |
||
NTILE |
✓ |
||
NULL |
✓ |
||
NULLIF |
✓ |
||
NULLS |
✓ |
||
NVARCHAR |
✓ |
||
OCCURRENCES_REGEX |
✓ |
||
OCTET_LENGTH |
✓ |
||
OF |
✓ |
||
OFF |
✓ |
||
OFFSET |
✓ |
||
OLD |
✓ |
||
OMIT |
✓ |
||
ON |
✓ |
||
ONE |
✓ |
||
ONLY |
✓ |
||
OPEN |
✓ |
||
OPTION |
✓ |
||
OR |
✓ |
||
ORDER |
✓ |
||
OUT |
✓ |
||
OUTER |
✓ |
||
OUTPUT |
✓ |
||
OVER |
✓ |
||
OVERLAPS |
✓ |
||
OVERLAY |
✓ |
||
PAD |
✓ |
||
PARAMETER |
✓ |
||
PARAMETERS |
✓ |
||
PARTIAL |
✓ |
||
PARTITION |
✓ |
||
PATTERN |
✓ |
||
PER |
✓ |
||
PERCENT |
✓ |
||
PERCENT_RANK |
✓ |
||
PERCENTILE_CONT |
✓ |
||
PERCENTILE_DISC |
✓ |
||
PERIOD |
✓ |
||
PERMUTE |
✓ |
||
PLACING |
✓ |
||
PLAN |
✓ |
||
PORTION |
✓ |
||
PRECEDES |
✓ |
||
PRECISION |
✓ |
||
PREPARE |
✓ |
||
PRESERVE |
✓ |
||
PRIMARY |
✓ |
||
PRIOR |
✓ |
||
PRIVILEGES |
✓ |
||
PROCEDURE |
✓ |
||
PTF |
✓ |
||
PUBLIC |
✓ |
||
RANGE |
✓ |
||
READ |
✓ |
||
READS |
✓ |
||
REAL |
✓ |
||
RECURSIVE |
✓ |
||
REF |
✓ |
||
REFERENCES |
✓ |
||
REFERENCING |
✓ |
||
REGR_AVGX |
✓ |
||
REGR_AVGY |
✓ |
||
REGR_COUNT |
✓ |
||
REGR_INTERCEPT |
✓ |
||
REGR_R2 |
✓ |
||
REGR_SLOPE |
✓ |
||
REGR_SXX |
✓ |
||
REGR_SXY |
✓ |
||
REGR_SYY |
✓ |
||
RELATIVE |
✓ |
||
RELEASE |
✓ |
||
RENAME |
✓ |
||
RESTRICT |
✓ |
||
RESULT |
✓ |
||
RETURN |
✓ |
||
RETURNS |
✓ |
||
REVOKE |
✓ |
||
RIGHT |
✓ |
||
ROLLBACK |
✓ |
||
ROLLUP |
✓ |
||
ROW |
✓ |
||
ROW_NUMBER |
✓ |
||
ROWS |
✓ |
||
RUNNING |
✓ |
||
SAVEPOINT |
✓ |
||
SCHEMA |
✓ |
||
SCHEMAS |
✓ |
||
SCOPE |
✓ |
||
SCROLL |
✓ |
||
SEARCH |
✓ |
||
SECOND |
✓ |
||
SECTION |
✓ |
||
SEEK |
✓ |
||
SELECT |
✓ |
||
SENSITIVE |
✓ |
||
SESSION |
✓ |
||
SESSION_USER |
✓ |
||
SET |
✓ |
||
SHOW |
✓ |
||
SIMILAR |
✓ |
||
SIZE |
✓ |
||
SKIP |
✓ |
||
SMALLINT |
✓ |
||
SOME |
✓ |
||
SORTED |
✓ |
||
SPACE |
✓ |
||
SPATIAL |
✓ |
||
SPECIFIC |
✓ |
||
SPECIFICTYPE |
✓ |
||
SQL |
✓ |
||
SQLCODE |
✓ |
||
SQLERROR |
✓ |
||
SQLEXCEPTION |
✓ |
||
SQLSTATE |
✓ |
||
SQLWARNING |
✓ |
||
START |
✓ |
||
STATIC |
✓ |
||
STDDEV_POP |
✓ |
||
STDDEV_SAMP |
✓ |
||
STRING |
✓ |
||
SUBMULTISET |
✓ |
||
SUBSET |
✓ |
||
SUCCEEDS |
✓ |
||
SYMMETRIC |
✓ |
||
SYSTEM |
✓ |
||
SYSTEM_TIME |
✓ |
||
SYSTEM_USER |
✓ |
||
TABLE |
✓ |
||
TABLES |
✓ |
||
TABLESAMPLE |
✓ |
||
TEMPORARY |
✓ |
||
TEXT |
✓ |
||
THEN |
✓ |
||
TIME |
✓ |
||
TIMESTAMP |
✓ |
||
TIMESTAMP_TRUNC |
✓ |
||
TO |
✓ |
||
TOP |
✓ |
||
TRAILING |
✓ |
||
TRANSACTION |
✓ |
||
TRANSLATE |
✓ |
||
TRANSLATE_REGEX |
✓ |
||
TRANSLATION |
✓ |
||
TREAT |
✓ |
||
TRIGGER |
✓ |
||
TRUE |
✓ |
||
TRUNCATE |
✓ |
||
UESCAPE |
✓ |
||
UNION |
✓ |
||
UNIQUE |
✓ |
||
UNKNOWN |
✓ |
||
UNLOAD |
✓ |
||
UNMATCHED |
✓ |
||
UNNEST |
✓ |
||
UPDATE |
✓ |
||
UPPER |
✓ |
||
USAGE |
✓ |
||
USER |
✓ |
||
USING |
✓ |
||
VALUES |
✓ |
||
VAR_POP |
✓ |
||
VAR_SAMP |
✓ |
||
VARBINARY |
✓ |
||
VARCHAR |
✓ |
||
VARIADIC |
✓ |
||
VARYING |
✓ |
||
VERSIONING |
✓ |
||
VIEW |
✓ |
||
VIRTUAL |
✓ |
||
WHEN |
✓ |
||
WHENEVER |
✓ |
||
WHERE |
✓ |
||
WIDTH_BUCKET |
✓ |
||
WINDOW |
✓ |
||
WITH |
✓ |
||
WITHIN |
✓ |
||
WITHOUT |
✓ |
||
WORK |
✓ |
||
WRITE |
✓ |
||
XML |
✓ |
||
XMLAGG |
✓ |
||
XMLATTRIBUTES |
✓ |
||
XMLBINARY |
✓ |
||
XMLCAST |
✓ |
||
XMLCOMMENT |
✓ |
||
XMLCONCAT |
✓ |
||
XMLDOCUMENT |
✓ |
||
XMLELEMENT |
✓ |
||
XMLEXISTS |
✓ |
||
XMLFOREST |
✓ |
||
XMLITERATE |
✓ |
||
XMLNAMESPACES |
✓ |
||
XMLPARSE |
✓ |
||
XMLPI |
✓ |
||
XMLQUERY |
✓ |
||
XMLSERIALIZE |
✓ |
||
XMLTABLE |
✓ |
||
XMLTEXT |
✓ |
||
XMLVALIDATE |
✓ |
||
YEAR |
✓ |
||
ZONE |
✓ |
